Pre-cancerous and genetic conditions

Barrett's oesophagus is a condition that can sometimes develop into cancer of the lower oesophagus.

Bowen’s disease is a skin condition. It is slow-growing, and there are many effective treatments.

BRCA1 and BRCA2 are two genes that everyone has. Sometimes the structure inside a gene is permanently changed. This change is called a gene mutation.

Breast calcifications are small spots (deposits) of calcium in the breast – they are usually harmless.

FAP is a rare condition that can run in families. If not treated, FAP causes a high risk of bowel cancer.

Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) is not a cancer, but can increase the risk of developing cancer.

Lynch syndrome (LS) is a rare condition that can run in families. It increases the risk of developing some cancers.

MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance) is a non-cancerous condition where the body makes an abnormal protein, called a paraprotein.

MEN1 is a condition that can run in families. It causes tumours that are usually non-cancerous (benign).

MEN2 is a condition that can run in families. It causes tumours in endocrine (hormone-making) glands. They can be cancerous or non-cancerous (benign).

Vaginal intra-epithelial neoplasia (VAIN) is a term that describes abnormal changes of the cells that line the vagina. VAIN is not cancer, but over time it can sometimes develop into cancer.

Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a skin condition affecting the vulva. It may develop into cancer after many years.