Types of tests and scans

Find out about the different tests and scans used to diagnose cancer, from A to Z. Get information about each test, how it is done, and what to expect.

A biopsy is where a small piece of tissue or a sample of cells is removed and examined under a microscope. It is the only certain way of telling if an abnormal area or lump is a cancer or not.

There are many types of blood test. You may have a blood test to check your general health, help diagnose cancer or check how you are responding to treatment.

A bone marrow biopsy is where a small sample of bone marrow is taken from the back of the hip bone (pelvis) or occasionally the breastbone (sternum). This is looked at to see if there are any abnormal cells.

This test finds any abnormal areas of bone. A mildly radioactive substance is injected into a vein. A scan of your bones is taken 2 or 3 hours later.

A CT scan uses x-rays to build a detailed picture of the inside of the body. You may be given either a drink or injection of dye.

A lumbar puncture is when a hollow needle is inserted between the bones of the lower back. It is done to take a sample of the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord. 

An MRI scan uses magnetism to build up a detailed picture of the inside of your body.

A PET scan uses a low dose of radiation to check the activity of cells in different parts of the body. You may have a PET scan and a CT scan together. This is called a PET-CT scan.

A PET scan uses a low dose of radiation to check the activity of cells in different parts of the body. You may have a PET scan and a CT scan together. This is called a PET-CT scan.

An ultrasound scan uses sound waves to build up a picture of internal organs. It can helps doctors to know if a lump or abnormal area is cancer or not.

X-rays are used to take pictures of the inside of your body. Having an x-ray is not painful and only takes a few minutes.